A small explanation, just for “dummies”: edge computing moves data processing from the cloud to the edge, i.e., to the edge, close to the end user. In practice, it is no longer necessary to use all the bandwidth of a network to send data, often very heavy, to the cloud. With an English pun that gets lost in Italian, the experts say that we are practically moving from data centers to data centers …

Resilience

This technology allows a significant reduction in data traffic and the phenomenon that we have come to know also for psychology after the pandemic, which is called resilience: if the connection is interrupted, in fact, edge computing manages to cope without losing all the data. This means controlling everything and making the most appropriate decisions without waiting for answers that rain… from the “clouds.” Without this model, the main applications of the Internet of Things would be impossible, precisely because of its ability to process the so-called “big data” locally and send a kind of “summary” to the cloud. But it is also essential to give connected devices real-time responses – a prerogative that is indispensable precisely for 5G.

From 4G to 5G 

As 4G hit the market, its main strengths seemed to be its increased bandwidth and speed. Still, its use has mainly been viewed from applications such as video streaming. 5G is a completely different technology and network, built on virtual rather than physical infrastructure. Thanks to its software-defined core, and its use of shorter frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz, 5G changes the way mobile services are delivered: it can deliver up to 10 gigabytes per second of speed, it can connect one million devices per square kilometer and offers a one-millisecond latency rate, a remarkable figure when compared to 4 G’s average of 40-60 milliseconds. 

5G and security

There are so many market segments where 5G and edge computing can be used with excellent results and benefits for the user. Let’s start right with our “backyard” safety. It is intuitive to limit ourselves to just one example among the many that could be done that an IP camera that works as an edge server, instead of sending data back and forth to the cloud, can directly perform the processing and, if detected, any anomaly, the alarm that starts is really immediate. Only those data that are too complex for the single-edge device to process will go to the cloud, which certainly has more processing power. 

Smart production

Another fundamental sector is the industrial IoT. The so-called “intelligent production” consists of the use of devices that, in order to be truly “smart,” cannot afford downtime. The prediction of when the machines are about to fail depends precisely on the processing of the sensor data, which must have an extremely fast connection channel. Only a technology like 5G can provide speed, scalability, and ultra-low latency. The future factory will be flexible, wireless, and constantly monitored. Furthermore, as required in the IoT industry, it can manage a large amount of data. 

Health

Edge computing and 5G also offer new opportunities in the healthcare industry. The processing of data “near the hospital,” for example, allows doctors to learn about anomalies or irregularities in patients’ health immediately. Furthermore, patient information does not pass to the cloud, thus reducing privacy problems, which are not negligible in such a delicate sector.

Smart transport

The benefits of edge computing and 5G are perhaps more evident than in intelligent transportation. The obvious applications can be different. For example, LiDAR sensors and cameras transmit data to the advanced driver assistance system inside a vehicle, which must make decisions in a split second (or even less). This will be essential in so-called self-driving vehicles, no longer in the future, but a reality already consolidated in the public transport networks of various European cities. And then, there is traffic management: data from cameras and other sensors can be processed on edge to examine the situation in real-time and provide immediate answers, such as closing congested roads and proposing alternative routes.

Smart home

Let’s finish this short and certainly not exhaustive rundown with the smart home: Here, too, all the data generated by smart devices now goes to the cloud, but the trend is to move it to the edge, especially for what concerns security cameras and smart speakers. There are indeed other network options (satellite, RFID, Ethernet), but none of these, according to experts, allow the speed, bandwidth, and reduction of consumption like 5G, which is on the way to becoming the real driving force of the world economy. According to the research agency Juniper Research, within 5 years, the number of connections for industrial IoT will practically double, from 17.7 billion in 2020 to 36.8 billion in 2025. And we’re talking about just one. Albeit vast, of the sectors that, as we have seen, are affected by the “5G revolution”. 

Digitization

There is a 5G Action Plan managed by a specific European Commission because the Member States themselves must become the clients in numerous sectors that can benefit from this technology. To stay in our field, urban security, transport management, and emergencies and disasters. Finally, the entire cybersecurity segment affects the public and private sectors. For all these reasons, 5G has entered the sphere of interest not only of the “private” market but also of the public because it is indispensable for digital development, which is now indispensable in all countries of the world. 

PNRR and 5G

As for our country, part of the famous PNRR funds must be donated to 5G. The races have started, but the problems are many; in particular, we are far from having that mythical “single network” that should be the backbone for ultra-fast connections throughout Italy. We still have too many so-called “white areas,” areas where it has not been possible to bring the ultra-broadband. One fact is certain: the future is in the sign of communications, the fastest and safest possible. To keep up with the times, it will be essential to invest in 5G … if that’s enough because in the industrial sector we are already thinking about 6G …

Also Read : Because Security Must Be Sustainable

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Technology continues to advance, and proof of this is the expansion of 5G -or fifth generation of mobile phone technologies-, a new standard of mobile communications that is in the testing phase – it is estimated that 3 out of 4 Spaniards will be able to connect to this network before the end of the year – and it is quite promising. However, it seems that the advance does not seem to be to everyone’s liking, since a large number of people – self-described anti-5G – and some experts say that this type of frequency could cause health problems in the short and long term. Is this true? We analyze everything you need to know and what myths surround 5G.

What Is 5G And What Improvements Does It Offer

It is important to clarify what 5G is and what changes it entails in people’s daily lives. This technology is within the radio-electronic spectrum and non-ionizing radiation, which is similar to the waves used for television and radio, and its low frequency means that the transported energy cannot alter the electrons of materials or cells of the human being.

Smartphones that have 5G implemented emit with powers of about 0.5 watts and 5G base stations, around 60 watts, while, for example, many stations have been emitting waves with powers of up to 100,000 watts for decades.

The fifth-generation mobile network is going to change the way we communicate completely. The old 1G network only allowed calls between mobile phones, 2G introduced messages via SMS and then switched to an internet connection with 3G and its improvement with broadband, 4G, which allows you to play videos in real-time or reality increased.

Connected To Everything, All Day And In The Shortest Possible Time

The changes that would come from the hand of 5G mobile technology would be focused on a higher speed of the network, which would make it possible to surf ten times faster than before, up to 20 Gbps (gigabytes per second), which means downloading a movie in a few seconds, watch videos in 4K and high definition without the need to install large processors, as it can be accessed quickly with the cloud – virtual storage that does not consume memory and is always available, wherever you are.

Another big change will be that of latency, that is, the time it takes for the network to respond, which could be reduced from about 30 milliseconds it takes with 4G to just five milliseconds with 5G, allowing the connection to be practically in real-time, according to a report from the Scientific Advisory Committee on Radio Frequencies and Health (CCARS). This positive impact can be seen in sectors such as health, with the example of a remote surgical operation, or tourism and transport, such as autonomous driverless cars, in which this improvement would increase safety since it would allow acting more quickly before any problem.

With this new technology, the number of connected devices will also increase –which can reach up to more than 10,000 devices per km²–, such as cars, street furniture, the home alarm or any electronic device that we have at home, such as the refrigerator, the washing machine. Or the dishwasher, making the so-called internet of things and Smart Cities possible. And all this with greater energy efficiency, since 5G consumes less energy when emitting indirect frequency.

Is 5G Dangerous For Health?

Although there are many advantages that the installation of 5G networks promises to bring, there are many who defend that this new technology could cause health problems in the short and long term. That is why a group has been created against this new frequency, which have called themselves anti-5G, and which have carried out many demonstrations in countries around the world.

For example, some experts warn that the deployment of the fifth generation is being carried out without evaluating its possible effects on health and the environment. They also state that in 2017 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared wireless technologies as a level 2B 

However, this cataloguing is very generic, as it also includes other products such as pickled gherkins, coffee or aloe vera, according to the list of carcinogens of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. To get a better idea, alcoholic beverages or meats that have been processed, such as hot dogs or cold cuts, are at higher risk according to this list.

Other platforms such as International Appeal, Stop 5G on Earth and in Space defend that radio frequency can cause the following problems, and they justify it with studies:

• Alteration of the heart rhythm, according to a study by the Institute of Biophysics of RF.
• Electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
• More exposure to free radicals, as reflected in the journal Environmental Pollution.
• Miscarriage, according to an investigation by the Institute of Environmental Health and Safety of Related Products, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Deterioration of sperm quality, collected in the journal Reproduction.
• More obesity and diabetes, according to a research article in the Journal of Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine.
• Alteration in metabolism, according to a 2011 study.
• DNA damage, as exposed in a 2017 Indian investigation.
• Cancers, collected in the International Journal of Oncology.
• Cognitive impairment, according to a publication in the International Journal of Toxicology.
• In 2018, the European Committee on Emerging Risks established that 5G had a rating of 3 out of 3 in potential damage to wildlife, although they also warned that this is due to ignorance and lack of studies in this regard.

However, as the experts defend, most of these studies have been carried out in small populations or are not done with the true frequency that 5G mobile telephony will have when it is fully implemented.

“The levels of exposure to foreseeable electromagnetic emissions will not change significantly with 5G”.

With regard to 5G, the WHO states that after many investigations it has not found a relationship of this technology with any adverse effect on health, since the conclusions are drawn and that question the safety of the fifth generation has been analyzed in very few studies with the actual frequency that 5G networks will use. In addition, the organization itself has stated that it is conducting a risk assessment of exposure to radio frequencies that will be published in 2022.

The World Health Organization (WHO ) states that the only thing that is proven to cause radio frequency in people is insignificant heating of the tissues of the human body. They explain that as the frequency increases, there is less penetration into body tissues and absorption is only carried out through the surface, specifically through the skin and eyes. However, he reassures saying that as long as the exposure remains below international guidelines, there is no danger to public health. These limitations are up to 300 GHz, as indicated by the International Commission for Protection against Non-Ionizing Radiations and the Institute of Electrical Engineers.

The Scientific Advisory Committee on Radio Frequencies and Health (CCARS) has produced a detailed report with the scientific evidence that exists in relation to the effects of 5G, in which it is warned that “it is expected that the foreseeable exposure levels will not change significantly and, in any case, they may not exceed the maximum permitted limits that guarantee public health regarding electromagnetic emissions”. While the European Union has reported that exposure to mobile networks are 50 times lower than the levels that international scientific evidence establishes that they can cause health problems.

Can They Spy On Our Thanks To 5G?

Another argument against 5G is based on the fact that this technology will serve to spy on us. Although it is true that the fifth generation is presumably going to open the doors to new cyber attacks, service providers will have to respond to these security challenges when they develop 5G. These challenges have led the European Union to establish a series of instruments and measures to maintain the security of citizens.

The Council of the European Union had a meeting on June 9, 2020, in which the issue of the configuration of the digital future in Europe was discussed and in which it was established that there was no scientific evidence solid enough to affirm that 5G could be harmful to the health of people or the environment, also warning that the dissemination of this type of false information must be fought.

Therefore, and in conclusion, to all the above, the main authorities explain that we should not worry about the effects of the fifth generation, although we still have to know the results of the numerous investigations that the World Health Organization is carrying out ( WHO) and that we can discover in 2022.

Also Read : What Is 5G Technology And How Will It Change Our Lives?

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South Korea premiered the world’s first 5G telephone network in April, practically on par with some cities in the United States. Spain has been one of the first countries in the European Union to do so, although at the moment only fifteen Spanish cities can enjoy the incipient benefits of the fifth generation of mobile connectivity.

• After years of development, the fifth generation of mobile connectivity begins to take off commercially
• There is still a long way to go, but some of its many utilities can already be verified

The 5G will mean a very profound change in all areas of our life. These are some of the big doubts that this 5G technology raises:

What Are The Main Novelties Of 5G?

The big difference of 5G compared to previous generations of mobile connectivity is that it involves three new capabilities:

• A  bandwidth and network speed much higher than the current ones  (up to one hundred times, when fully developed).
• Very fast response time on the network  – latency, the response time when sending and receiving data packets, which is below one millisecond.
• A  much lower energy consumption, which will allow the deployment of sensors that are not going to require power and whose useful life can be several years.

What Will A Much Higher Bandwidth And Speed Mean?

It will make possible unimaginable processes today, which involve huge volumes of data. For example,  you can instantly download and view content in 8K resolution with total fluidity.

In the multimedia field, the possibilities will skyrocket and will cover very varied aspects of our life, from entertainment to professional or educational environments. Not to mention how communication will change.

Chat applications that create, from the user’s image,  avatars that react in real-time, video platforms to simultaneously watch “streaming” the games of several users playing a video game or a “dating simulator” that uses virtual reality are just some of the utilities of 5G that can already be seen today.

Augmented reality and virtual reality are called to become regular elements of the life of people.

And Less Latency?

Latency will be essential for some applications that will come in the future and will require extreme immediateness, such as automated driving or safety-related aspects. Thanks to this minimum latency, the response time will be immediate and will allow, for example, to fully develop applications such as telemedicine, with high-precision surgical operations at a distance. The industry will be another sector that will experience a true revolution, with fully robotized factories.

And Lower Energy Consumption?

This aspect will enable a hyperconnected world with billions of sensors emitting and receiving information constantly. Therefore,  the 5G infrastructure is being designed to effectively support this flood of connected devices, which will require very low latency and that will have to live with others that require a large bandwidth.

The 5G network will be flexible enough to provide the same service to these hundreds of billions of devices.

What Is The Internet Of Things?

Closely related to the above aspect,  known as the “Internet of Things” (IoT of the English  Internet of Things ) will create an ultra connected world.  Multiple aspects of reality will be interconnected through the 5G network.  There will be from sensors in the refrigerator that indicate when the products are running out and need to be replaced, to drones or cars capable of transporting passengers without pilots. 

The homes, workplaces or cities are completely sensorizarán, with countless uses. For example, when looking for a parking lot, drivers will automatically know where there is a free site. A system similar to the one in some public car parks, but even more advanced and with the information received inside the car itself. Or sensors in the body that will inform in real time of possible health problems.

Is Spain Ready?

Yes. At least, this is what emerges from the 2019 Economy and Digital Society Index (DESI)  recently presented in Brussels by the European Commission. Its preparation level is around 30%, compared to the European average of 14%,  mainly due to the fact that it has already auctioned one of the three main spectrum bands on which 5G technology will be based. In addition, multiple pilot tests have been conducted in our country.

How Much Is Left Until Its Full Implementation?

The European Union (EU) itself has established that all member countries must fully deploy the 5G network, at the latest, in 2025.  In Spain, there will be an estimated gradual deployment of five years.

The calendar they manage from the 5G National Observatory is that in the first half of 2021 users can already have a very wide range of 5G phones to choose from, in addition to different plans to avail themselves of.

“As for the 5G deployed  as an Internet of Things support and as low-latency networks, there really is no need to wait, because we do not depend on a telephone, we have the essential components and chips, “says Federico Ruiz, responsible for this observatory.” And that depends on operators, companies or cities that want to start it up. You can go as fast as you want.

 Applications in health, or logistics, or a 5G linked to industrial robotics, linked to communications within a factory “You can start thinking about that”

Does Any Mobile Serve?

No. Currently, in Spain to be able to use this new technology, you must have a compatible terminal and also qualify for any of the contracts that the only company that offers it: Vodafone. As for mobiles, at the moment, the market offers very few options: Samsung Galaxy S10, LG V50 ThinQ and Xiaomi Mi MIX 3.

Also Read : How To Keep Yourself Relevant On The Job Market In The Coming Decades

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Hyper-automation is understood as the “automation of any business process that can be automated” using a combination of RPA and other complementary advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning that enhance its effectiveness and allow it to address more complex processes and increase the capabilities of humans.

Hyper-automation also refers to the sophistication of automation in the sense that one can understand, analyze, design, measure, monitor, as well as predict the best actions and responses.

Hyper-automation can be the solution for the continuity of some businesses due to the shortage of talent, the need to seek efficiency, to be more competitive, and the expectation of being able to do more with less. Software robots have not arrived to take away our job. They have come to promote us, allowing us to do more complex tasks and in which emotional intelligence, creativity, interpretation of results, or human judgment is required to manage exceptions.

Finally, and according to Gartner, hyper-automation can also lead to the development within the organization of a digital twin, virtual replica of a real system that allows conceptualizing and visualizing how processes, functions and performance indicators interact to anticipate possible problems and experiment without taking risks before making changes or improvements.

Which company would reject the possibility of executing business processes five to ten times faster, without errors, and with an average of 40% fewer people?

This is precisely what allows hyper-automation, a discipline that once incorporated into the business can optimize its growth:

• Reducing the human effort executing a large volume of transactions in a short time
• Reducing the risk of human error and increasing quality and accuracy
• Improving the quality of jobs by eliminating repetitive and tedious tasks that do not add value
• Increasing productivity and competitiveness

With hyper-automation, any business process that can benefit from automation will be automated in the near future.

Also Read : The Tech That Can Make Your Business More Efficient

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